精萘是一種從煤焦油或石油餾分中提煉的有機(jī)化合物，其化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)由兩個(gè)苯環(huán)通過(guò)共用兩個(gè)相鄰碳原子連接而成。這種獨(dú)特的分子結(jié)構(gòu)賦予了精萘特殊的物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)，使其在涂料領(lǐng)域展現(xiàn)出多重功能價(jià)值。

　　Naphthalene is an organic compound extracted from coal tar or petroleum fractions, and its chemical structure is composed of two benzene rings connected by sharing two adjacent carbon atoms. This unique molecular structure endows naphthalene with special physical and chemical properties, making it exhibit multifunctional value in the field of coatings.

　　在涂料配方設(shè)計(jì)中，精萘常作為功能性助劑使用。其分子中的芳香環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)能夠與樹(shù)脂分子產(chǎn)生π-π相互作用，這種非共價(jià)鍵結(jié)合方式可增強(qiáng)樹(shù)脂鏈段的規(guī)整性。實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂體系中添加0.5%-2%的精萘，可使涂膜的交聯(lián)密度提升15%-20%，直接表現(xiàn)為涂層硬度的顯著提高。這種硬化效應(yīng)在地板漆、工業(yè)防腐漆等需要高耐磨性的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景中尤為重要，可使涂層耐劃傷性能提升30%以上，延長(zhǎng)涂層使用壽命。

　　In coating formulation design, refined naphthalene is often used as a functional additive. The aromatic ring structure in its molecule can generate π - π interactions with resin molecules, which enhances the regularity of resin chain segments through non covalent bonding. Experimental data shows that adding 0.5% -2% naphthalene to the epoxy resin system can increase the crosslinking density of the coating by 15% -20%, directly manifested as a significant increase in coating hardness. This hardening effect is particularly important in applications that require high wear resistance, such as floor paint and industrial anti-corrosion paint. It can improve the scratch resistance of coatings by more than 30% and extend their service life.

　　精萘的揮發(fā)性特征在涂料施工工藝中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用。其沸點(diǎn)范圍在210-220℃之間，在涂料固化過(guò)程中可形成梯度揮發(fā)特性。初期低溫階段，少量精萘揮發(fā)可調(diào)節(jié)體系黏度，改善流平性；中溫階段持續(xù)揮發(fā)產(chǎn)生微氣泡，這些氣泡在涂層表面破裂時(shí)形成微觀粗糙度，有效降低光澤度，特別適用于亞光涂料的制備。這種可控的揮發(fā)機(jī)制使精萘成為調(diào)節(jié)涂料光澤度的理想助劑，在木器漆、建筑外墻涂料等領(lǐng)域得到廣泛應(yīng)用。

　　The volatile characteristics of refined naphthalene play a key role in the coating construction process. Its boiling point range is between 210-220 ℃, and it can form a gradient volatilization characteristic during the curing process of the coating. In the initial low-temperature stage, a small amount of refined naphthalene volatilization can adjust the viscosity of the system and improve leveling; Continuous evaporation during the medium temperature stage produces microbubbles, which form micro roughness when the coating surface ruptures, effectively reducing glossiness, and are particularly suitable for the preparation of matte coatings. This controllable volatilization mechanism makes refined naphthalene an ideal additive for adjusting the glossiness of coatings, and has been widely used in fields such as wood coatings and exterior wall coatings.

　　在防腐涂料體系里，精萘展現(xiàn)出獨(dú)特的協(xié)同防護(hù)效應(yīng)。其分子中的共軛大π鍵可與防銹顏料如磷酸鋅、三聚磷酸鋁發(fā)生配位作用，形成穩(wěn)定的螯合物。這種螯合物在金屬表面形成致密吸附層，將腐蝕介質(zhì)與基材有效隔離。電化學(xué)測(cè)試表明，含精萘的環(huán)氧防腐涂料在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蝕電流密度可降低至10??A/cm?量級(jí)，防護(hù)效率較傳統(tǒng)配方提升40%。這種特性使其在船舶涂料、橋梁鋼結(jié)構(gòu)防護(hù)等領(lǐng)域具有不可替代的價(jià)值。

　　In the anti-corrosion coating system, refined naphthalene exhibits a unique synergistic protective effect. The conjugated large π bonds in its molecule can coordinate with anti rust pigments such as zinc phosphate and aluminum tripolyphosphate to form stable chelates. This chelate forms a dense adsorption layer on the metal surface, effectively isolating the corrosive medium from the substrate. Electrochemical tests have shown that the corrosion current density of epoxy anti-corrosion coatings containing refined naphthalene can be reduced to the order of 10 ?? A/cm ? in a 3.5% NaCl solution, and the protective efficiency is increased by 40% compared to traditional formulations. This characteristic makes it irreplaceable in fields such as ship coatings and bridge steel structure protection.

　　精萘的阻燃增強(qiáng)效應(yīng)也值得關(guān)注。其分子結(jié)構(gòu)中的芳香環(huán)在受熱分解時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生碳化層，這種碳層具有優(yōu)異的隔熱隔氧性能。在膨脹型防火涂料中，精萘與聚磷酸銨、季戊四醇構(gòu)成協(xié)同阻燃體系，可使涂層在750℃高溫下形成30mm以上的膨脹炭層，背火面溫度升幅控制在150℃以內(nèi)，滿足GB 14907-2018《鋼結(jié)構(gòu)防火涂料》要求。這種阻燃機(jī)制在建筑防火、電力設(shè)備防護(hù)等方面具有重要應(yīng)用價(jià)值。

　　The flame retardant enhancement effect of refined naphthalene is also worth paying attention to. The aromatic ring in its molecular structure will produce a carbonized layer during thermal decomposition, which has excellent thermal and oxygen insulation properties. In the expansion type fireproof coating, refined naphthalene forms a synergistic flame retardant system with ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol, which can form an expansion carbon layer of more than 30mm in the coating at a high temperature of 750 ℃. The temperature rise of the back fire surface is controlled within 150 ℃, meeting the requirements of GB 14907-2018 "Steel Structure Fireproof Coatings". This flame retardant mechanism has important application value in building fire prevention, power equipment protection, and other aspects.

　　在環(huán)境友好型涂料開(kāi)發(fā)中，精萘也展現(xiàn)出改良潛力。通過(guò)化學(xué)改性可制備水性精萘衍生物，這類物質(zhì)在乳液涂料中既能保持原有的增硬效果，又可降低揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物（VOC）排放。實(shí)際應(yīng)用表明，采用改性精萘的水性木器漆，其硬度可達(dá)2H級(jí)，VOC含量低于50g/L，符合環(huán)境標(biāo)志產(chǎn)品技術(shù)要求。這種綠色化改性方向符合涂料行業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。

　　In the development of environmentally friendly coatings, refined naphthalene has also shown potential for improvement. Waterborne refined naphthalene derivatives can be prepared by chemical modification, which can not only maintain the original hardening effect in lotion coatings, but also reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC). Practical application has shown that water-based wood coatings using modified naphthalene can achieve a hardness of 2H level and a VOC content of less than 50g/L, which meets the technical requirements of environmental labeling products. This green modification direction is in line with the sustainable development trend of the coating industry.

　　值得注意的是，精萘的使用需嚴(yán)格控制添加量。過(guò)量添加可能導(dǎo)致涂層脆性增加，在-20℃低溫環(huán)境下沖擊強(qiáng)度下降30%以上。因此，實(shí)際應(yīng)用中需通過(guò)差示掃描量熱儀（DSC）測(cè)定玻璃化轉(zhuǎn)變溫度，結(jié)合彎曲試驗(yàn)確定最佳添加范圍。典型配方中，溶劑型涂料建議用量1%-3%，水性涂料因分散性問(wèn)題需適當(dāng)降低至0.5%-1.5%。

　　It is worth noting that the use of refined naphthalene requires strict control over the amount added. Excessive addition may lead to an increase in coating brittleness, resulting in a decrease of over 30% in impact strength at -20 ℃ low temperature environment. Therefore, in practical applications, the glass transition temperature needs to be measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the optimal addition range needs to be determined by combining bending tests. In typical formulations, the recommended dosage for solvent based coatings is 1% -3%, while for water-based coatings, it should be appropriately reduced to 0.5% -1.5% due to dispersion issues.

　　精萘在涂料中扮演著多重功能角色，從基礎(chǔ)性能提升到特殊功能實(shí)現(xiàn)，其作用機(jī)理涉及分子相互作用、相態(tài)調(diào)控、界面效應(yīng)等多個(gè)層面。隨著分析技術(shù)的發(fā)展，對(duì)其作用機(jī)制的認(rèn)知不斷深入，為涂料配方設(shè)計(jì)提供了更多可能性。未來(lái)，通過(guò)結(jié)構(gòu)改性和復(fù)合技術(shù)，精萘有望在高性能涂料、功能涂料等領(lǐng)域展現(xiàn)更廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。

　　Naphthalene plays multiple functional roles in coatings, from improving basic performance to achieving special functions. Its mechanism of action involves multiple levels such as molecular interactions, phase control, and interface effects. With the development of analytical technology, the understanding of its mechanism of action continues to deepen, providing more possibilities for coating formulation design. In the future, through structural modification and composite technology, refined naphthalene is expected to show broader application prospects in high-performance coatings, functional coatings, and other fields.

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